Shift work may also increase the risk of other types of cancer.
The WHO's International Agency for Research on Cancer listed "shift work that involves circadian disruption" as probably carcinogenic. This may be due to alterations in circadian rhythm: melatonin, a known tumor suppressor, is generally produced at night and late shifts may disrupt its production.
Women whose work involves night shifts have a 48% increased risk of developing breast cancer. People working rotating shifts are more vulnerable than others. The risk of diabetes mellitus type 2 is increased in shift workers, especially men. Shift work is considered essential for the diagnosis. Shift work sleep disorder is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by insomnia, excessive sleepiness, or both. Shift work increases the risk for the development of many disorders. Health effects Ī video on the health effects of shift work The Cromford Mill, starting from 1772, ran day and night with two twelve-hour shifts. This 24-hour process of production exists today as a system in many of the as yet 'free' branches of industry in Great Britain, in the blast-furnaces, forges, rolling mills and other metallurgical establishments of England, Wales and Scotland. It is well known that this shift-system, this alternation of two sets of workers, predominated in the full-blooded springtime of the English cotton industry, and that at the present time it still flourishes, among other places, in the cotton-spinning factories of the Moscow gubernia. An alternation becomes necessary, between the labour-powers used up by day and those used up by night.
But since it is physically impossible to exploit the same individual labour-power constantly, during the night as well as the day, capital has to overcome this physical obstacle. In 1867, Karl Marx wrote on the shift work system in Capital, Volume 1:Ĭapitalist production therefore drives, by its inherent nature, towards the appropriation of labour throughout the whole of the 24 hours in the day. The shift work system in modern industrial manufacturing originated in the late 18th century. 4.1 Aircraft traffic flight controllers and pilots.
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